1. Turning machine (Lathe)
1.1. Horizontal lathe
Answer: Generally, cylindrical, conical or spherical shape jobs are processed.
Answer: Single point tool cutting tools with well-defined cutting edges are used.
Answer: Yes, other than turning, we can perform operations like drilling, boring, etc.
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Both tool and work piece are moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required to operate the machine.
1.2. Vertical lathe
Answer: Big bulky works requiring several features.
Answer: It is mounted on a vertically oriented clamping device.
Answer: A single point cutting tool similar to a horizontal lathe machine.
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Both tool and work piece are moving.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: High-level skills required.
1.3. CNC lathe
Answer: Complex parts that can be modelled in CAD software and within limitations.
Answer: It is a computerized numerical control.
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Three, i.e. heat stock, tool post and mill head, tool holder, etc.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, safe distance, view window and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: High-level skills required to perform operations.
Answer: It is a semi-automatic machine as job loading, unloading, tool settings are done manually.
2. Turn-Mill
Answer: Complex parts like gear requiring multiple features.
Answer: Operation related to a lathe and milling machine can be performed.
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Three, i.e. headstock, tool post and mill head.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
3. CNC Mill
Answer: Complex parts that can be modelled in CAD Software and within limitations
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Three, i.e. heat stock, tool post and mill head, tool holder etc.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, safe distance, view window and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: High-level skill is required.
Answer: It is a semi-automatic machine.
Answer: Yes, a CAD file imported to the machine can generate CNC codes.
4. Grinding machines
4.1. Manual grinder
Answer: Non-precision grinding of parts and tool.
Answer: A grinding wheel consisting of abrasives bonded together to form a cutting tool.
Answer: No, it’s a surface finishing process
Answer: Well ventilated with enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Grinding wheel is the rotating part that rotates at high speed.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Low-level skill required for this machine tool.
4.2 Surface grinder
Answer: Precision grinding of parts and tool and surface finishing.
Answer: Well ventilation with vacuum suction, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Grinding wheel & job holder are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
Answer: Yes, coolants are necessary to dissipate the heat and avoid thermal damage.
Answer: Yes. Heat is generated during operation.
4.3 Centerless grinder
Answer: Finishing grinding for workpiece in a particular orientation.
Answer: No fixture is needed to hold the job.
Answer: Yes, this process is more suitable for delicate and irregular parts.
Answer: Well ventilation with vacuum suction, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Pair of grinding wheels are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety
Answer: Medium level skill required.
4.4 Internal grinder
Answer: Finishing & grinding for internal cylindrical features.
Answer: Internal hole and bore are the major components.
Answer: Well ventilation, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Grinding wheels/tools are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety
Answer: Medium level skill required.
Answer: Yes, a grinding tool is used.
4.5 CNC Grinder
Answer: Cutting of profiles like keyway, slots, fillets, gear etc.
Answer: Well ventilation, coolant, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Cutting tool & Job are the moving parts.
Answer: Non tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
5. Vertical milling center (VMC)
Answer: Cutting of profiles like keyway, slots, fillets etc.
Answer: Well ventilation, coolant, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Cutting tool and job are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
6. Drill Tap Machining Center
Answer: Cutting of internal thread (taping) & combined taping and drill.
Answer: To machine internal threads on the predrilled holes.
Answer: It is always smaller than the tap size.
Answer: Well ventilation, coolant, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Cutting tool and job are the two moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
7. 5-Axis machine
Answer: Machining of complex parts automatically designed in CAM software.
Answer: Machines having movement in three linear and two rotational axes.
Answer: Well ventilation, coolant, view window, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Cutting tool, tool holder & Job.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Medium level skill required.
8. Cutting machines
8.1. Wire cutting and drawing
Answer: Wire drawing and coil making are the primary operations.
Answer: Well ventilation, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Ram, Pulleys, wheels are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair and other workshop safety
Answer: A special die is used as a tool through which the material is extruded.
Answer: Low-level skill required.
8.2 Wire Straightening Machine
Answer: This operation is used in making metal wire straight.
Answer: Well ventilation, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Cutting tool and job are the major moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Low-level skill required.
8.3 Oxy-fuel plasma
Answer: Cutting sheet metals & profiles.
Answer: Ionized gas at high temperature. It is the 4th state of matter.
Answer: Thermal based process as the material is removed due to melting/evaporation caused by the plasma.
Answer: Well ventilation, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Plasma creator/ nozzle are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, safe distance, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety
Answer: Medium level skills required to perform the task.
8.4 Laser
Answer: Precise Cut of Sheet Metal and Profiles.
Answer: Yes, any materials (electrically conductive and non-conductive) can be processed. However, less suitable for materials having high reflectivity.
Answer: Taper is generally produced in the hole during the hole drilling operation.
Answer: Yes, HAZ are present in the machined components due to applied thermal load and high-temperature gradient in the workpiece.
Answer: Well ventilation, vacuum suction, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Laser head or machine axes are the major moving parts in a laser.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety
Answer: Medium level skill required.
9. Drilling machine
Answer: Drilling is primarily used to make blind, stepped, and through holes in various materials.
Answer: Yes, step drilling is possible by drilling the entire holes into the number of steps for evacuation of chips.
Answer: Drill is a kind of multi-point drill that is used to remove material through the shearing operation.
Answer: These are performed by the helical grooves provided on the drill.
Answer: Well ventilation, coolant, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Brill bit and chuck are the two moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, and other workshop safety devices are required.
Answer: Low-level skills are required to select suitable drill speed, tool feed, etc.
10. Plastic & Rubber
10.1. Plastic Injection Molding Machines
Answer: Any moldable shape and material with required pattern die.
Answer: Well ventilation, environment controlled, enough lighting, firm & level ground.
Answer: Screw conveyor, die parts are the moving parts.
Answer: Non-tangling dress, tied hair, goggles, respiration protection and other workshop safety
Answer: Medium level skills are necessary for the successful working of the process.
Answer: Hydraulic, mechanical and electrical are the major injection molding machines.
Answer: Injection and clamping units are the major units in typical injection molding machines.